Every line in the budget

The 102 demands for grants that make up ₹49,64,842 crore of union spending in 2025–26. Each one names the schemes it funds, and 15 of them carry a full itemised breakdown of where the money went.

• Interest Payments Interest on money the government has already borrowed, including ₹34,162 crore owed to foreign lenders. ₹12.7 lakh cr
• Transfers to States 50-year interest-free capital loans to states, Finance Commission grants, and disaster relief — on top of their tax share. ₹3.56 lakh cr
• Defence Services (Revenue) Pay, rations, fuel, spares and maintenance for the Army, Navy and Air Force, and DRDO's running costs. ₹3.50 lakh cr
• Ministry of Road Transport and Highways National highways: building, widening and maintaining them, mostly through the NHAI. ₹2.87 lakh cr
• Ministry of Railways New railway lines, doubling, track renewal, coaches and locomotives, and the Railway Safety Fund. ₹2.55 lakh cr
• Department of Food and Public Distribution Free foodgrain under PMGKAY, and the Food Corporation of India that buys, stores and moves the grain. ₹2.35 lakh cr
• Department of Rural Development MGNREGA rural job guarantee wages, PMAY-Gramin rural housing, rural roads, and old-age and widow pensions. ₹1.87 lakh cr
• Department of Fertilisers Urea and nutrient-based fertiliser subsidy, paid to manufacturers and importers so fertiliser sells below cost. ₹1.87 lakh cr
• Capital Outlay on Defence Services Aircraft and aero engines, warships, submarines, vehicles and ordnance — the capital half of the defence budget. ₹1.86 lakh cr
• Defence Pensions Pensions for retired armed forces personnel and their families, including the one-rank-one-pension revisions. ₹1.69 lakh cr
• Police CRPF, BSF, CISF, ITBP, Assam Rifles, the Intelligence Bureau, and Delhi and J&K police — not the state police forces. ₹1.62 lakh cr
• Department of Economic Affairs The budget-making arm of the finance ministry, plus lines of credit to other countries and the SWAMIH stalled-housing fund. ₹1.31 lakh cr
• Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare PM-Kisan cash transfers, crop insurance under Fasal Bima, and the interest subsidy that makes crop loans cheap. ₹1.23 lakh cr
• Department of Health and Family Welfare AIIMS hospitals, the National Health Mission, Ayushman Bharat insurance, and CGHS treatment for retired officials. ₹93,000 cr
• Pensions Pensions for retired central government civilian employees — not soldiers or railway staff, who have their own lines. ₹92,000 cr
• Department of School Education and Literacy Samagra Shiksha, PM POSHAN mid-day meals, PM SHRI model schools, Kendriya and Navodaya Vidyalayas. ₹71,000 cr
• Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs Metro rail projects, urban housing under PMAY-Urban, AMRUT water supply, and the Smart Cities Mission. ₹57,000 cr
• Department of Telecommunications Capital for BSNL and MTNL, telecom pensions, C-DOT research, and rural connectivity through the USO Fund. ₹53,000 cr
• Department of Higher Education The IITs, NITs, IIMs and central universities, the UGC, and student scholarship and loan interest schemes. ₹51,000 cr
• Indirect Taxes Customs and GST collection, plus export incentive payouts under RoDTEP and RoSCTL. ₹41,000 cr
• Transfers to Jammu and Kashmir Central assistance to Jammu and Kashmir, which has its own legislature but is funded as a union territory. ₹41,000 cr
• Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas LPG subsidy including Ujjwala connections, the strategic oil reserve, and public oil companies ONGC, IOC and BPCL. ₹30,000 cr
• Ministry of Defence (Civil) The Coast Guard, Border Roads Organisation, defence estates and the ministry's civilian secretariat — not the armed forces themselves. ₹27,000 cr
• Department of Posts India Post — the post office network, its staff and pensions, IT modernisation, and India Post Payments Bank. ₹26,000 cr
• Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Solar and wind capacity through IREDA and SECI, the Green Energy Corridor, and rooftop solar. ₹25,000 cr
• Atomic Energy Nuclear power stations run by NPCIL, plus the atomic research establishments behind them. ₹24,000 cr
• Ministry of Women and Child Development Saksham Anganwadi and POSHAN 2.0 child nutrition, and schemes for women's safety, adoption and child protection. ₹24,000 cr
• Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation Jal Jeevan Mission piped water to rural homes, and Swachh Bharat rural sanitation. ₹23,000 cr
• Ministry of External Affairs Embassies and consulates, aid to Bhutan, Nepal, Afghanistan and Africa, and India's dues to the UN and its agencies. ₹22,000 cr
• Ministry of Power Power Grid, NTPC, NHPC and SJVN, transmission networks, and electricity distribution reform. ₹22,000 cr
• Department of Revenue Passes GST compensation to states, and runs the GST network, Enforcement Directorate and narcotics control. ₹20,000 cr
• Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology Semiconductor and electronics manufacturing incentives, Aadhaar's UIDAI, Digital India, and the National Informatics Centre. ₹20,000 cr
• Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Dams and canal irrigation, the Polavaram project, Har Khet Ko Pani, and the Namami Gange river clean-up. ₹18,000 cr
• Direct Taxes The income tax department — collecting income tax, corporation tax and securities transaction tax. ₹13,000 cr
• Ministry of Labour and Employment The employees' pension and state insurance schemes, the Shram Yogi Maandhan pension for informal workers, and mine safety. ₹13,000 cr
• Department of Space ISRO — satellites, launch vehicles, space applications, and the commercial arm NewSpace India. ₹12,000 cr
• Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises PM Vishwakarma for traditional artisans, the employment generation programme, and MSME credit guarantees. ₹12,000 cr
• Department of Science and Technology Research grants through the Science and Engineering Research Board, the interdisciplinary cyber-physical mission, and Survey of India. ₹12,000 cr
• Department of Social Justice and Empowerment Post-matric scholarships for scheduled caste students, backward class welfare, and schemes for the elderly and drug-dependent. ₹11,000 cr
• Ministry of Tribal Affairs Eklavya model residential schools for tribal children, tribal scholarships, and Article 275(1) grants to states. ₹11,000 cr
• Department of Agricultural Research and Education The ICAR network — agricultural universities, crop and animal science institutes, and farm research stations. ₹10,000 cr
• Ministry of Corporate Affairs Company registration and filings, the Competition Commission, the audit regulator NFRA, and the PM Internship Scheme. ₹9,000 cr
• Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade Startup Fund of Funds, industrial corridors, the patent and trademark offices, and GST refunds to industry. ₹9,000 cr
• Ministry of Home Affairs Disaster relief and the NDRF, freedom fighters' pensions, the census, and migrant rehabilitation — the security forces are separate lines. ₹7,000 cr
• Andaman and Nicobar Islands Running the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory with no legislature of its own. ₹7,000 cr
• Ladakh Running Ladakh, a union territory with no legislature of its own, including its tribal area programmes. ₹7,000 cr
• Indian Audit and Accounts Department The CAG's audit staff, who check how every other line in this budget was actually spent. ₹7,000 cr
• Department of Commerce Export promotion: the interest equalisation scheme for exporters, duty drawback, and the tea, coffee, rubber and spices boards. ₹7,000 cr
• Department of Scientific and Industrial Research The CSIR network of national laboratories and its industrial research. ₹6,000 cr
• Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Doordarshan and All India Radio, government publicity and film certification, and the animation and gaming centre. ₹6,000 cr
• Ministry of Textiles Handlooms, handicrafts, silk through the Central Silk Board, jute, and textile machinery upgradation. ₹6,000 cr
• Chandigarh Running Chandigarh, a union territory with no legislature of its own. ₹6,000 cr
• Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation The MPLAD scheme giving each MP funds for local works, the census and surveys, and national accounts statistics. ₹6,000 cr
• Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying Livestock disease control and vaccination, Rashtriya Gokul Mission for indigenous cattle, and dairy development. ₹5,000 cr
• Ministry of Heavy Industries Electric vehicle incentives under FAME and PM E-DRIVE, and public engineering firms like BHEL. ₹5,000 cr
• Law and Justice Running elections, the district courts, e-Courts digitisation, legal aid, and the tax tribunals. ₹5,000 cr
• Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region North Eastern Council schemes, and industrial and enterprise development directed at the eight north-eastern states. ₹4,000 cr
• Department of Pharmaceuticals Jan Aushadhi generic medicine stores, the NIPER pharmacy institutes, and pharmaceutical production incentives. ₹4,000 cr
• Department of Health Research The Indian Council of Medical Research and its laboratories, and the Ayushman Bharat health research infrastructure. ₹4,000 cr
• Department of Financial Services Recapitalising public sector banks and insurers, the RuPay and BHIM incentive, and pension schemes like PM Vaya Vandana. ₹4,000 cr
• Ministry of Ayush The National AYUSH Mission and the ayurveda, yoga, unani, siddha and homoeopathy institutes — AIIA, the research councils. ₹4,000 cr
• Ministry of Food Processing Industries PM Formalisation of Micro Food Processing, food parks and cold chains, and processing production incentives. ₹4,000 cr
• Ministry of Culture The Archaeological Survey of India, national museums, the akademies for art and letters, and heritage conservation. ₹4,000 cr
• Transfers to Puducherry Central assistance to Puducherry, which has its own legislature but is funded as a union territory. ₹4,000 cr
• Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change Forest and wildlife protection, Project Tiger and Project Elephant, pollution control boards, and climate change work. ₹3,000 cr
• Ministry of Earth Sciences Monsoon and weather forecasting, ocean research including the Deep Ocean Mission, and the supercomputers behind them. ₹3,000 cr
• Department of Consumer Affairs The Price Stabilisation Fund that buys and releases onions and pulses, consumer courts, and weights and measures. ₹3,000 cr
• Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports Khelo India, the Sports Authority of India, athlete training, and the Nehru Yuva Kendra youth network. ₹3,000 cr
• Ministry of Steel Public steel companies — RINL, SAIL and NMDC — and loans to the iron and steel industry. ₹3,000 cr
• Ministry of Mines The Geological Survey of India, and public mining companies — NALCO, Hindustan Copper, mineral exploration. ₹3,000 cr
• Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways Major ports — Jawaharlal Nehru, Paradip, Deendayal — inland waterways, lighthouses and coastal shipping. ₹3,000 cr
• Department of Biotechnology Biotechnology research institutes, vaccine and genome research, and industry research assistance through BIRAC. ₹3,000 cr
• Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Running Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, a union territory with no legislature of its own. ₹3,000 cr
• Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Skill India training, apprenticeships, and the industrial training institutes. ₹3,000 cr
• Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions Recruiting, training and pensioning central government staff, and the CBI and vigilance machinery. ₹3,000 cr
• Ministry of Minority Affairs PM Jan Vikas Karyakram in minority-concentration districts, scholarships, and the minorities development finance corporation. ₹2,000 cr
• Ministry of Civil Aviation Airports Authority of India, the UDAN regional connectivity scheme, the DGCA, and Air India's residual debt. ₹2,000 cr
• Department of Land Resources Digitising land records and titles, and watershed development on rain-fed land. ₹2,000 cr
• Department of Fisheries Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana, fishing harbours, aquaculture, and the fisheries institutes. ₹2,000 cr
• Lakshadweep Running Lakshadweep, a union territory with no legislature of its own. ₹2,000 cr
• Ministry of Tourism Tourism promotion and publicity, the Swadesh Darshan and PRASHAD pilgrimage circuits, and hospitality training. ₹1,000 cr
• Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities Assistive devices for people with disabilities, the national disability institutes, and rehabilitation grants. ₹1,000 cr
• Transfers to Delhi Central assistance to Delhi, which has an elected government but not a state's taxing powers. ₹1,000 cr
• Ministry of Cooperation Computerising village credit societies, cooperative training institutes, and the cooperative sugar and dairy sector. ₹981 cr
• Cabinet The Prime Minister's Office, the Cabinet Secretariat, the Council of Ministers and the National Security Council. ₹978 cr
• Ministry of Panchayati Raj Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan to train and equip village councils, and SVAMITVA property cards for rural land. ₹966 cr
• Lok Sabha The Lok Sabha: members' salaries and allowances, the secretariat, and the chamber itself. ₹923 cr
• Ministry of Planning NITI Aayog, the Atal Innovation Mission, and support to states on planning and development. ₹848 cr
• Supreme Court of India The Supreme Court: its judges, registry and building. ₹633 cr
• Department of Expenditure The controller of other ministries' spending: pay commission work, financial rules, and government accounting institutes. ₹511 cr
• Ministry of Coal Coal India and NLC India, plus mine safety and coal conservation work. ₹491 cr
• Rajya Sabha The Rajya Sabha: members' salaries and allowances, the secretariat, and the chamber itself. ₹481 cr
• Union Public Service Commission The UPSC — the civil services examination and the other recruitment tests it conducts. ₹433 cr
• Election Commission The Election Commission itself — the body that conducts national and state elections. ₹373 cr
• Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals The chemicals and petrochemicals industry: HIL India, the petrochemicals technology institutes, and plastics parks. ₹186 cr
• Staff, Household and Allowances of the President The President's staff, household and allowances, and the upkeep of Rashtrapati Bhavan. ₹142 cr
• Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs Managing government business in Parliament, and the eVidhan digital legislature system. ₹66 cr
• Central Vigilance Commission The Central Vigilance Commission — the anti-corruption watchdog over central government officials. ₹51 cr
• Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (DIPAM) Selling government stakes in public sector companies, and managing what is left of them. ₹34 cr
• Department of Public Enterprises Oversight of state-owned companies and their performance monitoring. ₹27 cr
• Secretariat of the Vice-President The Vice-President's office, staff and residence. ₹12 cr
• Repayment of Debt Repaying the principal on money previously borrowed — distinct from Interest Payments, which is the cost of carrying it. ₹0 cr