The union budget, 2022–23
These are actuals, what was really spent, published after the year closed.
₹41,93,157 crore
total union government expenditure in 2022–23. Final figures.
What it paid for
- Interest and debt service Interest payments and the servicing of public debt from previous borrowing. It is usually the second largest thing the union spends on, and it is a legally committed charge rather than a discretionary programme. ₹9.29 lakh cr
- Defence and security The armed forces, defence pensions and production, home affairs, police and border management. ₹6.93 lakh cr
- Transport, housing and infrastructure Railways, roads, ports, civil aviation, telecommunications, housing and urban development. ₹6.01 lakh cr
- Agriculture and rural development Farming, irrigation, fisheries, food processing, and programmes aimed at rural livelihoods. ₹5.34 lakh cr
- Health and social protection Health and family welfare, pharmaceuticals, women and child development, social justice and tribal affairs. ₹4.73 lakh cr
- Grants to states and union territories Union grants to state governments and the budgets of the union territories — Finance Commission grants, special assistance and territory administration. Not the states’ constitutional share of taxes, which is deducted earlier and sits outside this budget. ₹3.40 lakh cr
- Government and public administration The central machinery of government: the legislature, judiciary, tax administration, external affairs and general services. ₹3.40 lakh cr
- Energy, industry and the economy Power, petroleum, coal, mines, heavy industry, commerce, corporate affairs and financial services. ₹1.38 lakh cr
- Education, skills and research School and higher education, skill development, and scientific and industrial research. ₹1.35 lakh cr
- Culture, media and sport Arts and heritage, broadcasting and information, tourism, youth affairs and sport. ₹8,000 cr
- Environment and climate Environment, forests and climate change, earth sciences, and new and renewable energy. ₹2,000 cr
Who spent it
The same money, grouped by ministry rather than by purpose. Both lists cover exactly the same rupees and both sum to the total above, checked at build time, not asserted.
- Ministry of Finance Department of Economic Affairs; Department of Expenditure; Department of Financial Services; Department of Public Enterprises; Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (DIPAM); Department of Revenue; Direct Taxes; Indirect Taxes; Indian Audit and Accounts Department; Interest Payments; Repayment of Debt; Pensions; Transfers to States. ₹14.9 lakh cr
- Ministry of Defence Ministry of Defence (Civil); Defence Services (Revenue); Capital Outlay on Defence Services; Defence Pensions. ₹5.73 lakh cr
- Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Department of Consumer Affairs; Department of Food and Public Distribution. ₹2.84 lakh cr
- Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals; Department of Fertilisers; Department of Pharmaceuticals. ₹2.54 lakh cr
- Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. ₹2.17 lakh cr
- Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Home Affairs; Cabinet; Police; Andaman and Nicobar Islands; Chandigarh; Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu; Ladakh; Lakshadweep; Transfers to Delhi; Transfers to Jammu and Kashmir; Transfers to Puducherry. ₹1.87 lakh cr
- Ministry of Rural Development Department of Rural Development; Department of Land Resources. ₹1.78 lakh cr
- Ministry of Railways Ministry of Railways. ₹1.62 lakh cr
- Ministry of Communications Department of Posts; Department of Telecommunications. ₹1.41 lakh cr
- Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare; Department of Agricultural Research and Education. ₹1.08 lakh cr
- Ministry of Education Department of School Education and Literacy; Department of Higher Education. ₹97,000 cr
- Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. ₹77,000 cr
- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Department of Health and Family Welfare; Department of Health Research. ₹76,000 cr
- Ministry of Jal Shakti Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga; Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation. ₹72,000 cr
- Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. ₹31,000 cr
- Department of Atomic Energy Atomic Energy. ₹25,000 cr
- Ministry of Women and Child Development Ministry of Women and Child Development. ₹24,000 cr
- Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. ₹24,000 cr
- Ministry of External Affairs Ministry of External Affairs. ₹17,000 cr
- Ministry of Labour and Employment Ministry of Labour and Employment. ₹15,000 cr
Before any of that: what the states received
₹9,48,406 crore went to the states as their constitutional share of central taxes, at the 41% rate the Fifteenth Finance Commission sets. This is deducted from receipts before the union spends anything, so it is not part of the total above and must never be added to it.
- Uttar Pradesh ₹1.70 lakh cr
- Bihar ₹95,000 cr
- Madhya Pradesh ₹74,000 cr
- West Bengal ₹71,000 cr
- Maharashtra ₹60,000 cr
- Rajasthan ₹57,000 cr
- Odisha ₹43,000 cr
- Tamil Nadu ₹39,000 cr
- Andhra Pradesh ₹38,000 cr
- Karnataka ₹35,000 cr
What was collected
| Gross tax revenue | ₹30,54,192 crore |
|---|---|
| Of that, the divisible pool | ₹23,13,185 crore |
| Not shareable with states | ₹7,41,007 crore |
The health and education cess
₹82,892 crore of cess was credited to earmarked reserve funds. Unlike ordinary tax it cannot pay for anything else, the funds may finance only the schemes they carry.
- Prarambhik Shiksha Kosh Elementary education. The oldest of the three funds, carried over from the primary education cess that preceded the current levy. ₹38,000 cr
- Madhyamik and Uchchatar Shiksha Kosh Secondary and higher education, including the central universities, the IITs and the NITs. ₹24,000 cr
- Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Nidhi Health. Created in 2021 to receive the health portion of the cess, which until then had no fund of its own. ₹21,000 cr
Other years
- The union budget, 2025–26 ₹49.6 lakh cr · revised estimate, not yet final
- The union budget, 2024–25 ₹46.5 lakh cr · latest final figures
- The union budget, 2023–24 ₹44.4 lakh cr · final figures
- The union budget, 2021–22 ₹37.9 lakh cr · final figures
- The union budget, 2020–21 ₹35.1 lakh cr · final figures